Gelatin is a protein obtained through the partial hydrolysis of collagen, which has favorable physicochemical properties and cost advantages in the pharmaceutical industry, clinical medicine, and therapy. As a natural polymer material, gelatin demonstrates excellent physicochemical and biological properties in the production of biomedical materials.
The origin of gelatin can be traced back to ancient Egypt. In 1690, the Netherlands achieved industrialization and large-scale production. It is primarily derived from animal connective tissues such as bone, skin, tendons, and other collagen-rich tissues. After hydrolysis and extraction treatment, gelatin is obtained. Depending on the source of raw materials used for its production process it can be categorized into bone gelatin or skin gelatin.
With advancements in science and technology, recombinant collagen gelatin produced by genetic engineering technology has emerged. This type of gelatin exhibits better biocompatibility and lower immunogenicity making it widely used in medical applications.
Properties of Gelation:
1) Gelation ability: Gelatins have good gelling properties making them useful as coagulants and stabilizers in the food industry.
2) Protective colloid: Gelatins act as effective protective colloids that stabilize heterogeneous suspensions preventing aggregation of crystals or ions; this makes them valuable emulsifiers/stabilizers in cosmetics and pharmaceuticals.
3) Biocompatibility: Due to its similarity to living tissue structure, gelatins exhibit good biocompatibility making them ideal for use in tissue engineering and drug delivery systems within medical fields.
4) Water-soluble biodegradable polymer: Being a natural water-soluble biodegradable polymer material with degradation products easily absorbed without causing inflammatory reactions makes it suitable for temporary implant materials within biomedical applications.
Additionally, they also possess hemostatic properties along with thermal stability among others.
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